Report on Improving Corporate Governance in Hong Kong

Оригинал на английском языке.
Гонконгский институт лицензированных публичных бухгалтеров
Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Авторы: Syren Johnstone и Say H Goo
Обзор текущего состояния (дата издания отчета 15.12.2017) корпоративного права Гонконга, основанного на Ординансе "О компаниях" 2014 года (Hong Kong Companies Ordinance) и Ординансе "О ценных бумагах и фьючерсах" 2003 года (Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance). Исследование недостатков действующего режима и предложения о направлениях развития.

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Суббота, 04 мая 2019 апдейт:

2. Methodology. 2.2.5 Analysis

The parity check and identification of KDOI provided a set of data against which the analysis of the jurisdictions studied was undertaken.

Without in any way limiting the scope of the analysis, three themes of the analysis were:

to identify what already works well or is well developed in Hong Kong's CG system;

to identify shortcomings in Hong Kong's CG system, particularly in light of developments implemented in the jurisdictions studied;

to consider experiences, innovations and specific provisions in the jurisdictions studied in the Hong Kong context.

The purpose of the analysis is to build toward identifying and supporting recommendations for changes in Hong Kong's CG system. In that undertaking it was also necessary to consider the wider context of each jurisdiction studied, meaning not just its legal and regulatory system but also the other characteristics of a market. This includes not only matters relating to the legal system but also political, historical, cultural and social factors that may vary considerably from one jurisdiction to another in ways that fundamentally interact with the likelihood of successful CG reform and the manner in which it might be implementable.

While CG standard setting is increasingly subject to a global approach, different markets having different characteristics means that a reform in one jurisdiction may not be suitable in another for a variety of reasons - simple transpositions frequently ignore the realities of those differences and may fail to be effective for that reason. As discussed further in Section 3.1.7 «Effectiveness», the implementation of and compliance with new CG-oriented rules does not always equate to better CG in practice - a box-ticking approach to compliance being one prevalent example of this that presents a validation problem.

In undertaking the analysis it was also recognized that an important aspect of considering changes to the CG system is that governance is in effect a social science practice in which behaviours can be affected by psychosocial factors spanning matters such as knowledge, conformity, and the acceptance of new expectations and standards. In other words, CG behaviour should not be understood as one that is merely reactive to the imposition of legal and regulatory requirements - it is capable of being driven in new directions by other factors.

The analysis is set out in Section 3.

 

Содержание отчета

Executive summary
Executive Summary I Key Findings
Executive Summary II Summary of Recommendations
Executive Summary III Approach to the Study
Executive Summary IV Abridged Text of the Analysis

1 Introduction to the study and its purposes
Introduction
1.1 Purpose of this Report
1.2 The development of CG in Hong Kong
1.2.1 Domestic drivers
1.2.2 Global drivers
1.3 Structure of this Report
1.3 Structure of this Report
1.3.1 Methodology
1.3.2 Analysis
1.3.3 Recommendations
1.4 Scope and limitations of this Report
1.5 Next steps

2 Methodology
Introduction
2.1 Scope
2.1.1 CG concepts
2.1.2 CG Geographic reach
2.1.3 CG mechanisms
2.2 Work process
2.2.1 Data collection
2.2.2 Initial data organization
2.2.3 Oral evidence
2.2.4 Parity check
2.2.5 Analysis
2.2.6 recommendations

3 Discussion and analysis of jurisdictions studied
Introduction
3.1 Overarching considerations
3.1.1 Thematic topics
3.1.2 Trends in regulating CG standards
3.1.3 The role of culture
3.1.4 The methodology of assessment
3.1.5 Cost-benefit considerations
3.1.6 Maintaining competitiveness
3.1.7 Effectiveness
3.2 Non-locally incorporated companies
3.2.1 Application of local laws and regulations
3.2.2 Cross border enforcement and cooperation
3.3 Information
3.3.1 Legal status of CG disclosures
3.3.2 Disclosure of listing rule compliance
3.3.3 Board evaluation
3.3.4 Audit committee
3.4 Involvement
3.4.1 Shareholder stewardship
3.4.2 Shareholder votes
3.4.3 Remuneration
3.4.4 Changes of control
3.5 Equality
3.5.1 Voting rights generally
3.5.2 Weighted voting rights
3.6 Accountability
3.6.1 Information disclosures generally
3.6.2 Listing rules
3.6.3 Board refreshment
3.6.4 Appointment of independent directors
3.7 Effectiveness
Part A - CG system design
3.7.1 Impact of regulatory design
3.7.2 Policy development agencies
3.7.3 Enforcement agencies
3.7.4 Audits of public companies
3.7.5 Duties of directors
3.7.6 Role of fiduciary law
Part B - Specific actions
3.7.7 Differentiation of CG requirements
3.7.8 Listing regime standards upon entry
Part C - Independent directors
3.7.9 Determination of independence
3.7.10 Requirements relating to INED performance
3.7.12 Empowerment of INEDs - controlling shareholders
Part D - Other items
3.7.13 Whistle-blowing
3.8 Coda

4 Recommendations
Introduction and approach to the recommendations
Part A - The board
4.1 Processes
4.2 Independent directors
4.3 CG standards
Part B - Enforcement
4.4 Shareholders
4.5 CG disclosures
4.6 Regulators
4.7 Ex ante mechanisms
Part C - Architecture and policy
4.8 Architecture
4.9 Policy
4.10 Summary tables

5 Concluding remarks
5.1 The Recommendations
5.2 The Hong Kong market

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